A construção de canais de reciclagem de baterias de lítio está se aproximando de um momento crítico
Enquanto a nova indústria de veículos de energia está prosperando e se desenvolvendo, a questão da reciclagem de baterias de energia também se tornou o foco da indústria. Após vários anos de desenvolvimento, o período de desmantelamento em massa de novos veículos de energia está se aproximando. Se um grande número de baterias aposentadas não puder ser reciclado e utilizado adequadamente, isso não apenas levará ao desperdício de recursos, mas também trará problemas como a poluição ambiental.
"With the establishment of the production responsibility extension system with vehicle enterprises as the main body, the power battery recycling industry has entered a critical period of channel construction." Huang Jianzhong, former deputy inspector of the Department of Energy Conservation and Comprehensive Utilization of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and Secretary General of China Electronics Energy Saving Technology Association On April 17, at the 7th Automotive Power Battery Recycling and Regeneration and Secondary Battery Recycling and Regeneration Technology Seminar, it was stated that the design and production of power batteries in my country and the recycling, disposal and comprehensive utilization of waste power batteries are currently in urgent need of support and regulation. preliminary stage of development.
Pontos problemáticos da indústria: alto custo, economia fraca
O período de aposentadoria para veículos de passageiros de energia nova é geralmente de 5 anos, e para veículos de passeio e veículos comerciais é de 3 anos. Antes de 2022, as baterias aposentadas serão dominadas por baterias de fosfato de ferro e lítio. Após 2022, o número de baterias ternárias aposentadas será o mesmo que o de fosfato de ferro e lítio, e gradualmente os ultrapassará. A capacidade teórica de descomissionamento de baterias de energia em 2018 deverá ser de 5,14 GWh, e a fonte de descomissionamento são principalmente ônibus de energia nova.
O repórter apurou que as empresas que implantaram negócios relacionados estão divididas principalmente em cinco categorias: empresas de reciclagem tradicionais, empresas de reciclagem emergentes, fábricas de baterias, empresas de materiais para baterias e fabricantes de veículos.
Diferentes tipos de negócios têm diferentes vantagens e desvantagens. Por exemplo, as empresas tradicionais de reciclagem têm vantagens relativamente em canais de reciclagem, tecnologia de regeneração de material, tecnologia de trituração de bateria e tecnologia de fundição, mas devido à falta de fontes de bateria de energia, elas ainda precisam cooperar com OEMs e fábricas de sucata. As vantagens das empresas de reciclagem emergentes se refletem principalmente nas tecnologias de trituração e desmontagem de baterias.
Atualmente, os métodos de tratamento de baterias de energia residual incluem principalmente tecnologia de pirometalurgia e tecnologia de hidrometalurgia. Wang Haibei, diretor do Instituto de Pesquisa e Design Metalúrgico do Grupo de Tecnologia de Mineração e Metalurgia de Pequim Co., Ltd., disse que o processo de fundição da tecnologia existente é muito complicado e difícil.
"The smooth operation of the recycling system needs to be based on profit. If there is no profit drive, the enthusiasm of enterprises cannot be fully improved." Wang Haibei said frankly, "The existing investment in recycling technology and the construction of recycling outlets are very large, although many enterprises have deployed Test the water, but few companies have dug a large pot of gold."
It cannot be ignored that toxic electrolytes and harmful gases will be generated during the battery recycling process, which will cause great harm to the environment and human health if not handled properly. "Some companies use high-temperature heating or combustion in the processing process, and the lack of strict control can easily endanger the health of workers." Ming Yuebin, general manager of Harbin Batterui Resource Recycling Technology Co., Ltd. pointed out.
Empresas governamentais unem forças para buscar avanços
Em resposta aos problemas acima, os departamentos estaduais relevantes emitiram uma série de políticas industriais para orientar e regular a indústria de reciclagem de baterias de energia.
In February this year, seven ministries including the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology jointly issued the "Interim Measures for the Administration of Recycling and Utilization of Power Batteries for New Energy Vehicles", clarifying that automobile manufacturers assume the main responsibility for power battery recycling. In March, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other seven ministries and commissions jointly issued the "Notice on Organizing the Pilot Work of Recycling and Utilizing New Energy Vehicle Power Batteries", proposing to select some regions such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, and central regions to carry out power battery recycling and utilization. The pilot, with the pilot as the center, radiates to the surrounding areas.
"The issuance of the above notice indicates that my country's recycling policy system is gradually being established." Yang Qingyu believes that "with the continuous breakthrough of related technologies, the speed of policy release will be accelerated, and relevant standards are expected to be released this year."
The participants believed that there are considerable differences in the battery type, battery capacity and voltage platform of new energy vehicles at present, which is the first hurdle for the cascade utilization of power batteries. Therefore, how to scientifically evaluate retired batteries has also become a decision on where to go. "The first pass.
"The evaluation process of retired batteries is mainly to upload the collected online and offline data to the monitoring platform at the same time, so as to analyze and process the battery pack and evaluate the performance." Fei, technical director of Beijing Jiangxin Battery Technology Co., Ltd. pointed out that from the evaluation As a result, the value of cascade utilization of ternary batteries is greater than that of direct dismantling.
Segundo relatos, após a bateria aposentada ter passado na avaliação, o link de utilização em cascata pode ser realizado para ajudar o sistema de armazenamento de energia a melhorar a economia geral e maximizar o ciclo de vida das baterias de lítio. Atualmente, muitas empresas têm realizado projetos de demonstração de utilização em cascata.
Zhang Bu, Vice President of Marketing of Shanghai Xida New Energy Technology Co., Ltd. told reporters: "It was originally predicted that the decay rate of battery cascade utilization was 3 percent -5 percent , but from the actual operation of the project, except for the cold months, most of the battery The discharge data showed no decay, even lower than the decay rate of a new battery."
For the treatment of toxic gases, Ming Yuebin believes that pipeline machinery can be used to crush the batteries and modules as a whole, recover the electrolyte as a whole, and use separation technology to separate materials, positive and negative powders, so as to obtain the final metal casing. "Because the diaphragm is completely recycled, it doesn't turn into a harmful gas," she added.
Em{0}}cooperação profunda para polir a cadeia industrial
Entende-se que o sistema de reciclagem de baterias de energia envolve muitos stakeholders, como montadoras, fabricantes de baterias, empresas de reciclagem de baterias, etc. A cadeia é longa e ainda há muitas dificuldades no processo de operação real.
In this regard, Xie Shaozhong, general manager of Jiangxi Ganfeng Recycling Technology Co., Ltd., gave a suggestion: "All links in the industrial chain need to be run in, but the overall principle should be 'professional people do professional things'. For example, auto companies should set up recycling channels, recycling After that, it will be handed over to comprehensive utilization enterprises for professional processing, and all links of the industrial chain will cooperate in depth."
É relatado que várias empresas implantaram a reciclagem de baterias neste oceano azul:
At the end of 2017, BAIC BJEV released the "Optimus Prime Plan": by 2022, it is expected to invest 10 billion yuan to build 3,000 optical storage and replacement power stations across the country, with a total of 500,000 battery-swappable vehicles and echelon energy storage batteries. Utilize more than 5GWh.
Em janeiro de 2018, a China Tower Corporation e 16 empresas, incluindo o Sound Group, assinaram um acordo de parceria estratégica para a reciclagem de baterias de veículos de energia nova. A China Tower Company usará a bateria de energia retirada do ônibus elétrico puro, após testes, classificação e reorganização, para substituir a bateria de chumbo-ácido para o backup de energia da estação base de comunicação.
"Both car companies and power battery companies are striving to implement the advanced concept of extended producer responsibility. I hope that all participants can explore the establishment of power battery recycling suitable for the characteristics of industries, enterprises and products from the perspective of undertaking corporate social responsibility. Huang Jianzhong pointed out, "If the finishing touch of the power battery is the cascade utilization and resource disposal, then the establishment of the recycling mode and mechanism will be its magic touch."
